For research purposes only — not for human consumption — 18+ only
Anti-Aging
SS-31 50mg
$210.00
Szeto-Schiller peptide targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin. Research into mitochondrial protection and oxidative stress.
Use the peptide calculator to determine exact reconstitution volumes and dosing schedules for your research protocol.
Open Peptide Calculator ↗SS-31 (Szeto-Schiller peptide 31, also known as Elamipretide or MTP-131) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane through electrostatic interactions with cardiolipin — a phospholipid critical for mitochondrial architecture, electron transport chain efficiency, and overall mitochondrial function. SS-31 is one of the most clinically advanced mitochondria-targeted research compounds, with active clinical development in heart failure, Barth syndrome, and age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.
Molecular Data
Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 | Molecular Formula: C32H49N9O5 | Molecular Weight: 639.80 g/mol
Cardiolipin Protection
Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it plays a structural role in organising the electron transport chain supercomplexes and anchoring cytochrome c. SS-31 binds cardiolipin through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, protecting it from peroxidation under oxidative stress conditions. This preserves cristae morphology, maintains electron transport chain efficiency, and prevents cardiolipin-peroxidised cytochrome c from triggering apoptosis.
Mitochondrial ROS Reduction
By stabilising cardiolipin and the associated electron transport chain supercomplexes, SS-31 significantly reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Electron leakage at Complexes I and III — the primary sources of mitochondrial superoxide — is reduced when the electron transport chain is properly organised. Studies demonstrate 30-50% reductions in mitochondrial ROS in SS-31-treated cells under oxidative stress conditions.
Cardiac and Renal Research
SS-31 has shown profound cardioprotective effects in ischaemia-reperfusion injury models, reducing infarct size by up to 40% in animal studies. In chronic heart failure models, SS-31 improves cardiac output, exercise tolerance, and myocardial energetics. Significant renoprotective effects have also been demonstrated in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease models, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central pathological role.
Clinical Development
SS-31 is one of the few mitochondria-targeted peptides to enter clinical trials. Phase II trials in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) demonstrated improvements in exercise tolerance and cardiac energetics. Additional trials are ongoing in Barth syndrome (a rare cardiolipin metabolism disorder), acute kidney injury, and mitochondrial myopathy.
Future Research
SS-31 represents a new paradigm in mitochondria-targeted therapy. Current research is expanding into skeletal muscle ageing, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, and frailty — conditions where mitochondrial dysfunction is a central pathological mechanism.
Reviews
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